{"id":842,"date":"2026-10-04T12:54:48","date_gmt":"2026-10-04T12:54:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/?p=842"},"modified":"2026-10-04T12:54:48","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T12:54:48","slug":"kaj-se-skriva-pod-pokrovom-frajtonarice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/index.php\/2026\/10\/04\/kaj-se-skriva-pod-pokrovom-frajtonarice\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaj se skriva pod pokrovom frajtonarice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za zna\u010dilnim zvokom frajtonarice se skriva natan\u010dno izdelan sistem zra\u010dnih poti, vzvodov in kovinskih jezi\u010dkov. Fotografije odprtih instrumentov poka\u017eejo, kako se gib prsta spremeni v ton in zakaj imajo nekateri deli povsem druga\u010dno nalogo, kot bi sklepali po njihovem videzu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"923\" height=\"692\" src=\"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/slika.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-843\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/slika.png 923w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/slika-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/slika-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 923px) 100vw, 923px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Odstranjen pokrov melodijske strani razkrije vzvode in lopute harmonike M\u00fcller. Foto: Johann Pascher, CC BY-SA 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gumb odpre pot zraku<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pod okrasnim pokrovom melodijske strani najprej opazimo mehaniko. Vsak gumb prek vzvoda dvigne ustrezno loputo. S tem odpre zra\u010dno pot do glasilk; ko ga spustimo, se loputa ponovno zapre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glasovnice z glasilkami so globlje v instrumentu, na notranji strani proti mehu. Zato samo odstranitev pokrova \u0161e ne razkrije vseh delov, ki sodelujejo pri nastanku zvoka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lesene glasovnice in kovinske glasilke<\/h1>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id842_7dd49b-4e > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id842_7dd49b-4e > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id842_7dd49b-4e > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id842_7dd49b-4e > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id842_7dd49b-4e > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id842_7dd49b-4e > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id842_7dd49b-4e alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column842_fca9ae-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column842_fca9ae-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column842_fca9ae-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column842_fca9ae-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column842_fca9ae-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column842_fca9ae-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column842_fca9ae-1d{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column842_fca9ae-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column842_fca9ae-1d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column842_fca9ae-1d\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1111-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-844\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1111-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1111-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1111-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1111-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1111-1320x990.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1111.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Mehanika M\u00fcllerjeve harmonike med sestavljanjem, \u0161e brez loput. Vidne so odprtine za zrak.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column842_858ecb-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column842_858ecb-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column842_858ecb-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column842_858ecb-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column842_858ecb-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column842_858ecb-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column842_858ecb-d7{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column842_858ecb-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column842_858ecb-d7 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column842_858ecb-d7\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2222-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-845\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2222-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2222-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2222-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2222-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2222-1320x990.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2222.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Glasovnice pred namestitvijo plo\u0161\u010dic. Pregrade lo\u010dujejo posamezne zra\u010dne komore. Fotografiji: Johann Pascher, CC BY-SA 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glasovnice so leseni nosilci z lo\u010denimi komorami. Na njih so pritrjene glasovne plo\u0161\u010dice, vsaka s kovinskima jezi\u010dkoma oziroma glasilkama. Pri mnogih izvedbah plo\u0161\u010dice pritrjuje in tesni poseben vosek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ko meh ustvari razliko v zra\u010dnem tlaku, tok zraka po\u017eene ustrezno glasilko v nihanje. Njena frekvenca dolo\u010da vi\u0161ino tona. Dalj\u0161i jezi\u010dki praviloma zvenijo ni\u017eje; pomembni so tudi njihova debelina, oblika in masa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zakaj smer meha spremeni ton<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glasilki na isti plo\u0161\u010dici delujeta v nasprotnih smereh pretoka zraka. Ena zazveni pri stisku meha, druga pri vleku. Ker sta pri ve\u010dini melodijskih gumbov frajtonarice ugla\u0161eni razli\u010dno, isti gumb daje dva tona. Obstajajo tudi izjeme, na primer gumb za enaki ton v obeh smereh, imenovan gleichton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">En gumb lahko vklju\u010di ve\u010d glasov<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pri triglasni melodijski strani za posamezen ton so\u010dasno zazvenijo tri glasilke. \u010ce so ugla\u0161ene na skoraj enako vi\u0161ino, majhne razlike med njihovimi frekvencami ustvarijo zna\u010dilno utripanje, ki ga imenujemo tremolo. Njihova medsebojna uglasitev zato mo\u010dno vpliva na zna\u010daj zvoka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kaj pa basi?<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id842_88ee85-7f > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id842_88ee85-7f > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id842_88ee85-7f > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id842_88ee85-7f > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id842_88ee85-7f > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id842_88ee85-7f > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id842_88ee85-7f alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column842_eb5411-67 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column842_eb5411-67 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column842_eb5411-67 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column842_eb5411-67 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column842_eb5411-67 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column842_eb5411-67 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column842_eb5411-67{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column842_eb5411-67 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column842_eb5411-67 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column842_eb5411-67\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3333-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-846\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3333-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3333-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3333-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3333-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3333-1320x990.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3333.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Basovska mehanika trivrstne harmonike M\u00fcller. Vzvodi povezujejo gumbe z loputami.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column842_f555be-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column842_f555be-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column842_f555be-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column842_f555be-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column842_f555be-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column842_f555be-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column842_f555be-c0{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column842_f555be-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column842_f555be-c0 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column842_f555be-c0\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4444-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-847\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4444-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4444-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4444-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4444-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4444-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4444-1320x990.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Notranjost stare harmonike Josef Hlav\u00e1\u010dek. Velike basovske plo\u0161\u010dice so pod manj\u0161im blokom za akorde. Fotografiji: Johann Pascher, CC BY-SA 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na basovski strani najdemo lo\u010deno mehaniko in glasilke za spremljavo. Basovski gumb spro\u017ei basovski ton, akordni pa ve\u010d razli\u010dnih tonov hkrati. Zato pritisk na akordni gumb odpre zra\u010dno pot do ve\u010d glasilk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za pri nas raz\u0161irjeno frajtonarico so zna\u010dilni helikonski basi. Njihove velike glasilke in ustrezne zra\u010dne komore omogo\u010dajo poln, izrazit basovski zvok. Pri dvojnem helikonskem basu za posamezen basovski ton sodelujeta dva basovska glasova. Razporeditev plo\u0161\u010dic in \u0161tevilo basov se med izdelovalci razlikujeta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Majhni ventili imajo veliko nalogo<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na glasovnih plo\u0161\u010dicah pogosto opazimo tanke trakove iz usnja ali umetnega materiala. To so ventili, ki zapirajo odprtino neaktivne glasilke, ko zrak te\u010de v nasprotni smeri. Ne smemo jih zamenjati z loputami, ki jih premikajo gumbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"691\" src=\"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/6666-1024x691.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-848\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/6666-1024x691.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/6666-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/6666-768x518.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/6666.jpg 1238w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Basovska notranjost sorodne diatoni\u010dne harmonike Hochholzer dunajskega tipa. Ob kovinskih jezi\u010dkih so vidni tudi ventilni trakovi; ta primer ni \u0161tajerska frajtonarica. Foto: Johann Pascher, CC BY-SA 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Meh dolo\u010da glasbeni izraz<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meh zagotavlja energijo za nihanje glasilk. Igralec z njegovim vodenjem oblikuje glasnost, poudarke in potek fraze. Dobro tesnjenje je pomembno, ker mora zrak te\u010di skozi izbrane poti, ne uhajati mimo tesnil in zaprtih loput.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zra\u010dni gumb odpre posebno pot brez vklju\u010ditve glasilk. Tako lahko harmonikar polo\u017eaj meha prilagodi tudi brez zvene\u010dega tona. Pri igranju se prav usklajenost prstov in meha sli\u0161i kot jasen za\u010detek tona, teko\u010da melodija ali odlo\u010den plesni poudarek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Za zna\u010dilnim zvokom frajtonarice se skriva natan\u010dno izdelan sistem zra\u010dnih poti, vzvodov in kovinskih jezi\u010dkov. Fotografije odprtih instrumentov poka\u017eejo, kako se gib prsta spremeni v ton in zakaj imajo nekateri deli povsem druga\u010dno nalogo, kot bi sklepali po njihovem videzu. Gumb odpre pot zraku Pod okrasnim pokrovom melodijske strani najprej opazimo mehaniko. Vsak gumb prek&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":849,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-harmonika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/842","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=842"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/842\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":850,"href":"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/842\/revisions\/850"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=842"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harmonikar.si\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}